Third Generation of Computer

First Computer Families IBM 360 Series

September 17, 2021 by admin Leave a Comment

One of the first computer families was the IBM 360 series. The goal was for a variety and cost-effectiveness of computers, which were mutually compatible in so-called “higher compatibility.” This allowed programs that were created on lower-priced and less powerful models to run on the more costly and powerful machines. For the first time, customers could expand their computer systems’ capacity without rewriting programs for every new problem that was to be solved. The concept was quite popular and was adopted by others in the mid-sixties of the nineteenth century. The industry norm maintains upward compatibility.

IBM and the Industrial Sector

As IBM 360 series computers were introduced the world they really had a huge impact on the industrial field of life. These computers changed the mindset of the industrials owners as these systems were small in size and very useful in the industrial sector and if a company or industry had them they were now able to increase their count by buying more computers as they kept on growing. Soon each and every industrial sector and other companies were filled with these systems as these system were helping them grow and earn.

The IBM 360 systems were very popular and made it possible for clients to get a compact sized system with the assurance that they may always move upwards and keep growing as if their requirements increase without rewriting application software, programs or substituting peripheral devices. Many expert consider the design of these systems as one of the best computers in history that will have influenced computer design for years to come.

The IBM release press conference

“The IBM 360 Series marks a dramatic difference in the design and construction of computers from notions of the past. It is the result of a global effort at laboratories and hard work of the facilities, and it has happened for the first time in the history of computer industry that a system in a decade has reshaped its fundamental internal architecture. The outcome is higher than ever the cost of computer productivity. This is the start of a new generation of computers, not just in industry, research and public administration.” These were the words of Mr. Watson during the press conference which was held on the day when the IBM 360 series was being introduced to the world and millions of businessmen were present their on that event.

Applications of the IBM 360 Series

Systems/360 eliminates the conventional distinction between the computers used for industrial purposes and the scientific computers used for research and other scientific purposes. Business and scientific challenges or a mix of both can be processed by users on an equal footing. The diversity of additional devices that is part of the system reinforces this adaptability. The IBM 360 series was also very helpful regarding the communication purpose. These systems have the capacity to answer requests and communications anytime from faraway places. Hundreds of terminals may simultaneously communicate with a system as the computer processes the basic work it does.

The History of The Third Generation of Computers

February 4, 2021 by admin Leave a Comment

This article discusses in detail that what is the history of the third generation of computers. It’s human nature that when we use any machine or product which is helpful and important to us, then it excites us to know about that machine or product and we also get curious to know about its history that who made it? How it became so useful and all other questions like this. So, here in this writing, all such questions will be answered in detail and all information about the history of the third generation of computers will be delivered.

Jack Kilby and the History of the Third Generation of Computers

Whenever the history of the third generation of computers will be discussed this name would also be discussed in this topic because this man named Jack Kilby played an important part in the invention of the third generation of computers.

Now you must be thinking that who is this guy? Is he the one who invented the third generation of computers? So, if you are thinking this then you must know the answer is no because this is the men who didn’t invent the third generation of computers but he is the one who invented the most significant and important component of the third generation computers on which the idea of the third generation of the computer relied. So, Jack Kilby is the man who invented and introduced the integrated circuit to the world for the very first time in the year 1958.

These Integrated circuits are famous with the name of ICs and were the cause of the invention of the third generation of computers. Jack Kilby and his team worked for several years before they invented the first integrated circuit and introduced it to the whole world and later it was their struggle that provided the base for the third generation of computers.

Time Duration and the History of the Third Generation of Computers

Here we are going to discuss the history of the third generation of computers with respect to the dates. Dates are an important part of history, whenever we hear the word history what comes to our mind is some dates and figures. So, we know that without dates history is incomplete and we need to keep in mind the dates in order to discuss the proper history of anything and we are going to do so in the case of the history of the third generation of computers.

Every generation of computers had a specific period of time in which they ruled the world as the best computer technology of that time in the same way this the third generation of computers also had that specific time period which is based on some years and for the third generation of computers it was accurately from the year 1965 when the first computer of this generation of computers was introduced to the world to the year 1971. In this way, the third generation of computers stayed at the top of the world for about half a decade.

ICs and the History of the Third Generation of Computers

When we study the history of the third generation of computers we come to know that the integrated circuits played an important role in the invention of the third generation of computers because as we know that after the first generation computers the other and second-generation computers used the latest technology in them which was the transistor technology.

So, the developers needed some solid technology and innovations in the third generation of computers in order to make them more reliable and unique as compared to the previous generations of computers.

The developers did succeed in their aim of making the third generation of computers much more reliable and useful as compared to the previous generation of the machine with the help of the integrated circuits known as ICs as they were quite efficient and this IC technology was unique and new because it wasn’t used in the computers before as It was a recent invention of the nineteen fifties. In this way, the integrated circuit had a great impact on the discovery and invention of the third generation of computers as well as in their success.

Programming languages and the History of the Third Generation of Computers

The history also includes how a machine or subject was being used back then so, the history of the third generation of computers also includes how the third generation computer system operates back then in the mid of nineties.

In the first generation systems, the low-level machine language was used to give input to the system that was a machine language and it was known as 1GL.

In the same way in the second generation of computers languages were used to provide the computer systems with instructions and one of the common being used language was Formula translator language and likewise in the third generation of computers the languages were used to provide input to the computer systems of that time and the languages that were used in the third generation of computer to provide input and instructions were the FORTRAN second to the fourth type and some other languages were also used such as COBOL and BASIC.

Features and the History of the Third Generation of Computers

According to the history of the third generation of computers were the best of those times and were best, useful and most reliable. They were in demand due to their salient features in the market. They were the latest technology of that time as their core component was the Integrated circuit which basically was the best technology to be used in the computer because of its uncountable uses like they were amazingly fast and quick and they made the third generation of computers faster too.

In the same way, the integrated circuits were very small and compact as compared to the technologies used before in the previous generations so, by using them the third generation computer systems became really compact which proved to be a great feature and advantage of the third generation of computers.

What is Third Generation of Computers

January 10, 2021 by admin Leave a Comment

The third generation of computers is the very first initiative that was taken towards the form of computers that we use nowadays. The main cause and the main innovation that made the third generation of computers better from the previous two generations was that the Integrated circuits were being used in these computers as their main components. It was the use of Integrated circuits which are additionally called ICs made the third generation computers extraordinarily little and negligible in size and this IC was the uniqueness of these computers. Integrated circuits were the components that these computers were called the microcomputers because ICs have genuinely reduced their size compared to the previous two generations of computers that used to cover the whole control room.

The era of the third generation of computers

After such a huge success of the second generation computers, the people’s expectations with the third generation of computers were quite high and they were really looking for some serious and useful innovations in them. In the late nineties about 1965, the macro computers of the third generation of computers were uncovered in front of the world and they survived as the best computers in the market till the year 1971. These were the times when this generation of computers managed to rule the world because of its unique specifications that were lagging in the generations that were introduced before these computers. After these years the downfall of this era of computers started as other computers with better specs were presented in the market for personal and commercial uses and those were named as the fourth generation or the fourth era of the computers.

Integrated circuit and the third generation of computers

The most important thing that differentiates the third generation of computers from the other generation is the use of integrated circuits. When something good happens after some time people expect something even better than that it’s part of human nature and this is the phenomenon that is behind all the progressions and redesigns that had happened right up ’til the present time and will occur later on. Similarly, individuals have an assumption with the registering field in this way, the third generation of computers must be a lot of in a way that is better than the past generations for the situation to satisfy the assumptions for the world. In this way, the designers utilized the most creative overhaul of that time named the integrated circuit for giving the individuals a superior, minimized yet splendid in presentation sort of computer. Subsequently, these parts named as ICs had genuinely assumed a significant job in the progression of the computer business.

The benefits of using ICs in the third generation of computers

There are a lot of benefits of using ICs in the third generation of computers because at that time in the mid-nineties of that century the ICs were the most advance and unique technology. Hence the developers of that era decided to use them in the computers for the sake of best result and they were quite successful in that and it is the reason till this day we talk about them.

Some main benefits and uses of the integrated circuits are as follows:

They are impressively small in size that an individual integrated circuit was a complete circuit in the form of a complete pack but way smaller and this pack contained the basic circuit elements like transistor and resistor in it and it worked properly

⦁ They worked perfectly and made the third generation of a computer far much reliable and better than the ancient generations.
⦁ These ICs were not known for any kind of heat production. That’s why the computers in which they were used just emitted a very negligible amount of heat.
⦁ Without any kind of doubt, the IC consisted of computers that were way faster and quicker than the other generation computers.
⦁ One of their individual and environmental advantages is that they consume very low power and in this way are very helpful energy-saving devices.

Some drawbacks of the third generation of computers

Every good thing has some bad in it in the same way where the third generation computers had a lot of advantages, uses, and benefits it also has some drawbacks too some of them as follows:

⦁ As they were the best computers available at that time and every institute and organization wanted them for personal and commercial all kind of uses so, they were quite expensive at that time.
⦁ As we know in the manufacturing of the third generation of computers the integrated circuits were used. These chips were very sensitive and they were very difficult to manage and install.
⦁ Its heat emission was very low as compared to ancient computers but still a room in which an air conditioner was needed for these computers to operate properly.

Who introduced ICs in the third generation of computers

In this portion of our article, we are going to discuss that In between the years 1958 and 1959 a famous electrical engineer from the American country named Jack St. Clair Kilby presented the idea of an integrated circuit in front of the world for the very first time. He used to work at the Texas instrument and there he researched these circuits and later as a result of his hard work he was able to invent an integrated circuit. This invention of his was an evolution for the computer industry and it completely changed this industry for good. Later this electrical engineer was given the noble price for his brilliant invention that proved to be very useful for mankind.

The languages of the third generation of computers

As before, we have discussed in detail that machine code was the language that was used in the computer for programming purposes in the same way the second era of computers used the assembly language to take input. Unlike these two generations, the third generation of computers relayed on a specific language for input purposes, and that language was known as the high-level language, this is a very decent type of language. It was very user-friendly and simple so, it made the use of these computers much easier. Some basic such kinds of languages include BASIC and JAVA.